Building information modeling (BIM) is a representation of a construction project that provides information on each stage of the planning and building processes. It involves creating a model of the structure or infrastructure including walls, flooring, plumbing and electrical systems. The purpose of BIM is to offer stakeholders information that can be used to improve decision making reduce costs and enhance efficiency.
When it comes to building a BIM model accuracy is crucial. Architects and engineers need knowledge of the infrastructure to ensure the models precision. This is where 3D laser scanning plays a role.
What is 3D Laser Scanning?
In the technique of 3D laser scanning a laser scanner is employed to capture the shape and structure of an object or environment without any contact. By emitting laser pulses onto the surfaces of the object, the scanner. Collects the returning signals through a sensor. These collected data points are then used to generate a detailed point cloud, which can be utilized to construct a model of the object.
How does 3D Laser Scanning work?
The process of 3D laser scanning involves using a laser scanner to gather data points from the surface of an object. The scanner emits laser pulses that bounce off the objects surfaces and are detected by a sensor. By measuring how long it takes for each pulse to travel back and forth we can calculate the distance, between the scanner and each point on the objects surface. Additionally information about color and reflectivity is also recorded by the scanner for each point.
Once all the necessary scans are completed specialized software is employed to analyze and process this data into a point cloud representation. This point cloud contains information, about the objects 3D geometry enabling us to create a three dimensional model that can be viewed from any angle. Furthermore this model allows for measurements of dimensions of the object.
Applications of 3D Laser Scanning, in BIM;
There are ways in which 3D laser scanning can be applied in the BIM process. Here are some examples;
- Creating precise as built models: 3D laser scanning is valuable for generating as built models of existing buildings. This proves beneficial when renovating or retrofitting structures as the built model helps identify any clashes with new design elements and ensures seamless integration with the existing framework.
- Quality assurance: By utilizing 3D laser scanning construction progress can be verified against the planned specifications. The scans can be compared to the BIM model to ensure that everything is being constructed accurately.
- Clash detection: With 3D laser scanning clashes between building elements can be detected prior to construction commencing. By comparing the point cloud generated from the laser scan to the BIM model any clashes can be. Resolved on.
- Structural analysis: In addition 3D laser scanning can facilitate analysis by identifying structural issues. These scans assist engineers, in designing solutions that enhance building stability and safety.
Benefits of Using 3D Laser Scanning in BIM
Below are the details of some benefits from the usage of 3D scanning into the BIM process:
- Increased accuracy – There is the level of precision availed that is unequaled by comprehensive surveying methods. This accuracy guarantee that BIM model is as correct as possible.
- Faster data capture – Traditional data method collection is somehow slow but 3D laser scanning is the fastest method to capture and collect data. The detailed point cloud for complete site is done and millions of data can be captured within a few minutes from this scanner. Overall, this scanner is the important improvement over those traditional methods which might take days or even months for capturing data.
- Improved collaboration – Same information is accessible to all stakeholders which enhances and improve the collaboration between them. The way of working on the same page minimizes the errors and risks with other types of misunderstanding.
- Cost-effective – Although, this fact is undoubtedly that the 3D laser scanning technology can be more pricey but ultimately it is cost effective also. This technology is error free and there is no need to rework again. There will be no cost of working again which is beneficial for the construction sector.
- Increased safety – This scanner increases the safety because it finds the potential dangers which is avoided before building starts. This better safety reduces the injuries and accidents on the job site.
- Better project outcomes – There are better project outcomes with the help of this scanner because the architects and engineers make the good designs of building with the help of 3D laser scanning data in BIM. This method satisfy the clients and end users expectation accurately. Ultimately, clients become happier and better project outcomes occur.
Challenges of using 3D laser scanning in BIM
Although, there are many advantages of using 3D laser scanning in the BIM process, still there are also some hurdles and challenges to deal. Below are the cost of some challenges associated with it:
- Data management – A lot of data is produced with the usage of 3D laser scanning. It might become difficult to arrange and organize the data. As all stakeholders have to access the same page of data, it should be organized and managed.
- Cost – Due to more budget of this technology, most of small construction firms can’t afford it. However, this cost might be decreasing when it become more adapted to users.
- Training – This technology is used by some experts and specialist because the common man can’t use this scanning in efficient manner. In the construction firm, there is need of training on how to use this technology. It might be difficult initially but training programs become more available when scanning is adopted.
Conclusion
Lastly, 3D laser scanning is best technology to collect and capture data. This technology has potential to transform the way buildings are built, designed and maintained. Teams can reduce the risks, make better collaboration with successful delivery of projects according to the requirements of clients by using this technology.
Also, there Are some challenges for 3D laser scanning in the BIM process. When the construction firm become adaptive to use this technology, it becomes the essential tool for them. This technology will become more significant in the years to come.
